EFFECTIVE TRAINING METHODS FOR LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT Essay

EFFECTIVE TRAINING METHODS FOR LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT - Essay Example rms of knowledge and learning with the help of such concepts as â€Å"learning organisation†, â€Å"intellectual capital†, â€Å"people-centred approach† or â€Å"knowledge based management†. Cakar and Bititci (2001) perfectly summarise this trend in the following statement: â€Å"1980s were all about automation. In the manufacturing industry FMS, FAS, Robots, AGVS etc. were commonplace. The 1990s have been about people, this is evident in the development of†¦ concepts throughout the 90s focusing on delegation, involvement, ownership cross functional teamwork, self managed works teams and so on†¦ The needs of modern business emphasize the role and importance of people and knowledge† (p.2). The ideas of Peter Drucker (1994), whom was the first to use term ‘knowledge worker’, and other theorists and practitioners working in the same direction became popular in 1980s when investments in human resources were increasingly justified as being more cost-efficient than investments in machines. Strong and effective leadership is a critically important aspect of modern human resource management practices and organisation’s functioning. Defining what makes a great leader is not a simple task. Leadership is an exceptionally complex phenomenon and the amount of literature covering various aspects of leading and managing people highlights this complexity. Despite huge amount of books and articles dedicated to the issue, there is still a great deal of ambiguity surrounding the true meaning of effective leadership in contemporary organizational environment. In psychology the phenomenon of leadership has traditionally been associated with in-group dynamics of social interactions. In any group, regardless of its size, members differ in their degree of social influence over one another: â€Å"†¦ the person who exerts the most influence on the rest of the group thus affecting group beliefs and behaviour is usually addressed as leader† (Hollander, 1985: 14). Although this

Brand Management of Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Brand Management of Apple Inc - Essay Example Apple Company has made numerous advertisements in the media with the intention of creating awareness of its product to potential consumers. Advertisements by the company have played a huge role in creating consumer awareness of the product (Mehling 1997). In order for the company to reach that level, it has taken into consideration various marketing strategies. One of them is the use of 3 C’s marketing strategy. The three C’s in marketing refers to the corporation itself, the customers, and the level of competition in the market. A company’s foremost concern is the consumer awareness of the products that the company is dealing with. In customer-based strategies, Apple Company has achieved success through segmentation. Segmentation is done in consideration of the different ways in which customers use the products. Apple Company is the world’s prominent subdivision implementing company. The subdivision strategy applied by the company has led the company acqu iring surprising growth in sales, revenues, profits, and business rankings (Schick 1997). Apple Inc. has applied a vertical market segmentation policy, which involves making a product for each use case. Additionally, the Apple Inc. is able to sell the merchandises at the right price for only the moneymaking market section. Using this policy, the Apple has also been able to ascertain the market section that pays more, for the precise merchandise, which the company offers. Furthermore, nice and easy to use users practice in addition to high-class merchandises, which offer all-in-one amalgamation, symbolizes the Apple’s products. More significantly, the Apple disregards potential consumers who are not willing to pay for their... This paper stresses that the company has also used corporate based strategy to achieve high levels of success. The corporate strategy aims at maximizing the company’s strengths in relation to the level of competition of their products. Apple Company uses selective and sequencing strategy in order to win the competition in the smart phones markets. The company has gained a decisive edge in the development of high quality smartphones, thus, gaining a competitive advantage over its rivals. Moreover, the company operates at a low cost due to outsourcing of both labor and raw materials. Moreover, Apple Company is able to operate at a low cost and gain market leadership. Besides, it is able to produce cheaper than other companies, despite the fact that the company’s products are expensive to meet the expense and retain. Apple Company has also embarked on using competitor-based strategies in order to curb increasing competition. This report makes a conclusion that the company has also benefited greatly by investing in profit and cost structure differences. This has been done by exploiting the source profit difference. Such profits include profits from product sales and profits from services. Moreover, in implementing the 3C’s marketing strategy, the company has also employed tactics for flyweights since the company has invested heavily in mass media advertising. Furthermore, the company has invested in massive research and development efforts that have differentiated the company from other competitors.